Walking Tour: Merchandise Mart/Wea Village Site and Former Site of OIA

Looking northwest across the bridge we can see Merchandise Mart, a well known commercial building, typically known for its Art Deco design and the fact that it was built by Marshall Field & Co and owned by the Kennedy family for a number of years. However, what many don't know is that it was also the site of a Wea Summer Village and a Jesuit Mission from 1696 to 1702. The village, which included Wea people (who were part of the larger Myaamia group at that time), as well as Kaskaskia and Peoria people, pre-dated the Jesuit mission. Jesuits hoping to convert Native people knew that they had to integrate into existing Native communities to have any hope of success, and Native people had long-standing practices of welcoming newcomers into their villages. Today, Peoria, Kaskaskia, and Wea people are recognized within the Peoria Nation of Oklahoma, and Myaamia people are recognized as the Miami Tribe of Oklahoma. Both of these communities continue to use a dictionary that was created at this mission for language revitalization efforts.

Several centuries later, after Merchandise Mart was built, it also served as the home of the Office of Indian Affairs (OIA) (today called the Bureau of Indian Affairs) from 1942 to 1947. During this time, delegates from the Gros Ventre and Assiniboine Nation, the Fort Belknap Nation, the Rosebud Sioux Nation, the Uintah and Ouray Nation, the Osage Nation, and the Blackfeet Nation all visited the OIA in Chicago. Though the OIA moved back to Washington D.C. in 1947, the voluntary relocation program that designated Chicago as a relocation city and brought thousands of Native people here was founded just five years later in 1952.

Proceed south two blocks on La Salle, then turn left on Randolph, stopping at the corner of Randolph and Clark in front of the Thompson Center.

Sources:

Alison R. Bernstein. American Indians and World War II: Toward a New Era in Indian Affairs. (Norman: University Press, 1991). 98-103, 112-20.
Ulrich Danckers, Jane Meredith, John F. Swenson, and Helen Hornbeck Tanner. A Compendium of the Early History of Chicago : to the Year 1835 When the Indians Left. (River Forest, Ill.: Early Chicago, Inc., 2000).
Gilbert J. Garraghan. 1931. Chicago Under the French Regime. Springfield, IL: Journal Print. Co., 11-12.
"Indians in the News." Indians at Work v. 10, no 2-6. 1943. 32-33. https://library.si.edu/digital-library/book/indiansatwork1026unit
Indians at Work.v. 11, no.1 (1943 May-June). *https://library.si.edu/digital-library/book/indiansatwork1111943unit